using System.Linq.Expressions;
using System.Text.Json;

using AIStudio.Provider;
using AIStudio.Settings.DataModel;
using AIStudio.Tools.ToolCallingSystem;
using AIStudio.Tools.PluginSystem;
using AIStudio.Tools.Services;

// ReSharper disable NotAccessedPositionalProperty.Local

namespace AIStudio.Settings;

/// <summary>
/// The settings manager.
/// </summary>
public sealed class SettingsManager
{
    public readonly record struct ToolMinimumProviderConfidenceResolution(ConfidenceLevel ConfidenceLevel, string Source);

    private const string SETTINGS_FILENAME = "settings.json";
    private const Version CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION = Version.V6;
    
    private readonly record struct SettingsVersionReadResult(Version Version, SettingsWriteBlockReason FailureReason);
    
    private readonly record struct CurrentSettingsReadResult(Data? SettingsData, SettingsWriteBlockReason FailureReason);
    
    internal static readonly JsonSerializerOptions JSON_OPTIONS = new()
    {
        WriteIndented = true,
        Converters = { new TolerantEnumConverter() },
    };

    private readonly ILogger<SettingsManager> logger;
    private readonly RustService rustService;

    /// <summary>
    /// The settings manager.
    /// </summary>
    public SettingsManager(ILogger<SettingsManager> logger, RustService rustService)
    {
        this.logger = logger;
        this.rustService = rustService;
        this.logger.LogInformation("Settings manager created.");
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// The directory where the configuration files are stored.
    /// </summary>
    public static string? ConfigDirectory { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// The directory where the data files are stored.
    /// </summary>
    public static string? DataDirectory { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Whether the app is in dark mode.
    /// </summary>
    public bool IsDarkMode { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Ensures that the startup start-page redirect is evaluated at most once per app session.
    /// </summary>
    public bool StartupStartPageRedirectHandled { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Indicates that the initial settings load attempt has completed.
    /// </summary>
    public bool HasCompletedInitialSettingsLoad { get; private set; }

    /// <summary>
    /// Indicates why settings writes are blocked for the current session.
    /// </summary>
    public SettingsWriteBlockReason SettingsWriteBlockReason { get; private set; } = SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE;

    /// <summary>
    /// Indicates that settings writes are blocked for the current session.
    /// </summary>
    public bool SettingsWriteBlocked => this.SettingsWriteBlockReason is not SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE;

    /// <summary>
    /// The configuration data.
    /// </summary>
    public Data ConfigurationData { get; private set; } = new();

    private bool IsSetUp => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ConfigDirectory) && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(DataDirectory);
    
    /// <summary>
    /// Loads the settings from the file system.
    /// </summary>
    public async Task LoadSettings()
    {
        var settingsSnapshot = await this.TryReadSettingsSnapshot();
        if (settingsSnapshot is not null)
            this.ConfigurationData = settingsSnapshot;

        this.HasCompletedInitialSettingsLoad = true;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Reads the settings from disk without mutating the current in-memory state.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>A (migrated) settings snapshot, or null if it could not be read.</returns>
    public async Task<Data?> TryReadSettingsSnapshot()
    {
        this.SettingsWriteBlockReason = SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE;
        if(!this.IsSetUp)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning("Cannot load settings, because the configuration is not set up yet.");
            return null;
        }

        var settingsPath = Path.Combine(ConfigDirectory!, SETTINGS_FILENAME);
        if(!File.Exists(settingsPath))
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning("Cannot load settings, because the settings file does not exist.");
            return null;
        }

        var settingsVersion = await this.TryReadSettingsVersion(settingsPath);
        if(settingsVersion.FailureReason is not SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE)
        {
            this.BlockSettingsWrites(settingsVersion.FailureReason, "The settings file version could not be identified. Settings writes are blocked to avoid overwriting newer or unreadable settings.");
            return await this.TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshotForBlockedSettings();
        }

        if(settingsVersion.Version > CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
        {
            this.BlockSettingsWrites(SettingsWriteBlockReason.VERSION_NEWER_THAN_APP, $"The settings file uses the newer version '{settingsVersion.Version}'. Settings writes are blocked to avoid overwriting newer settings.");
            return await this.TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshotForBlockedSettings();
        }

        Data? settingsData;
        if(settingsVersion.Version < CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
        {
            settingsData = await this.TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshot();
            if(settingsData is not null)
            {
                this.PrepareLoadedSettings(settingsData);
                await this.StoreSettingsSnapshot(settingsData, settingsPath);
                await this.StoreCurrentVersionBackup(settingsData);
                this.logger.LogInformation($"Restored settings from the '{GetBackupSettingsFilename(CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)}' backup file.");
                return settingsData;
            }

            this.logger.LogInformation("No valid current-version settings backup was found. Migrating the settings file.");
            settingsData = SettingsMigrations.Migrate(this.logger, settingsVersion.Version, await File.ReadAllTextAsync(settingsPath), JSON_OPTIONS);
            this.PrepareLoadedSettings(settingsData);
            await this.StoreSettingsSnapshot(settingsData, settingsPath);
            await this.StoreCurrentVersionBackup(settingsData);
            return settingsData;
        }

        var currentSettings = await this.TryDeserializeCurrentSettings(settingsPath, "settings file");
        if(currentSettings.FailureReason is not SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE)
        {
            this.BlockSettingsWrites(currentSettings.FailureReason, "The current settings file could not be safely loaded. Settings writes are blocked to avoid overwriting recoverable settings.");
            return await this.TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshotForBlockedSettings();
        }

        settingsData = currentSettings.SettingsData!;
        this.PrepareLoadedSettings(settingsData);
        await this.StoreCurrentVersionBackup(settingsData);
        return settingsData;
    }

    private async Task<SettingsVersionReadResult> TryReadSettingsVersion(string settingsPath)
    {
        try
        {
            await using var settingsStream = File.OpenRead(settingsPath);
            using var settingsDocument = await JsonDocument.ParseAsync(settingsStream);
            if(!settingsDocument.RootElement.TryGetProperty("Version", out var versionElement))
            {
                this.logger.LogError($"Failed to read the version of the settings file '{settingsPath}'.");
                return new(Version.UNKNOWN, SettingsWriteBlockReason.VERSION_MISSING);
            }

            if(versionElement.ValueKind is JsonValueKind.String && versionElement.GetString() is { } versionText)
            {
                if(Enum.TryParse(versionText, out Version stringVersion) && Enum.IsDefined(stringVersion) && stringVersion is not Version.UNKNOWN)
                    return new(stringVersion, SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE);

                if(versionText.StartsWith('V') && int.TryParse(versionText[1..], out var futureVersion) && futureVersion > (int)CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
                    return new((Version)futureVersion, SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE);

                if(int.TryParse(versionText, out var numericStringVersion) && numericStringVersion > (int)CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
                    return new((Version)numericStringVersion, SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE);
            }

            if(versionElement.ValueKind is JsonValueKind.Number && versionElement.TryGetInt32(out var numericVersion) && numericVersion > (int)Version.UNKNOWN && (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(Version), numericVersion) || numericVersion > (int)CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION))
                return new((Version)numericVersion, SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE);
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            this.logger.LogError(e, $"Failed to read the version of the settings file '{settingsPath}'.");
            return new(Version.UNKNOWN, SettingsWriteBlockReason.FILE_UNREADABLE);
        }

        return new(Version.UNKNOWN, SettingsWriteBlockReason.VERSION_UNKNOWN);
    }

    private async Task<Data?> TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshot()
    {
        var backupSettingsPath = GetBackupSettingsPath(CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION);
        if(!File.Exists(backupSettingsPath))
        {
            this.logger.LogInformation($"The settings backup file '{backupSettingsPath}' does not exist.");
            return null;
        }

        var backupVersion = await this.TryReadSettingsVersion(backupSettingsPath);
        if(backupVersion.FailureReason is not SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning($"The settings backup file '{backupSettingsPath}' could not be used because its version could not be identified. Reason: '{backupVersion.FailureReason}'.");
            return null;
        }

        if(backupVersion.Version != CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning($"The settings backup file '{backupSettingsPath}' uses version '{backupVersion.Version}' instead of '{CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION}'.");
            return null;
        }

        var backupSettings = await this.TryDeserializeCurrentSettings(backupSettingsPath, "settings backup file");
        if(backupSettings.FailureReason is not SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning($"The settings backup file '{backupSettingsPath}' could not be used. Reason: '{backupSettings.FailureReason}'.");
            return null;
        }

        return backupSettings.SettingsData;
    }

    private async Task<Data?> TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshotForBlockedSettings()
    {
        var settingsData = await this.TryReadCurrentVersionBackupSnapshot();
        if(settingsData is null)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning($"No valid current-version settings backup was found while settings writes are blocked. Reason: '{this.SettingsWriteBlockReason}'.");
            return null;
        }

        this.PrepareLoadedSettings(settingsData);
        this.logger.LogWarning($"Loaded settings from the '{GetBackupSettingsFilename(CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)}' backup file while settings writes remain blocked. Reason: '{this.SettingsWriteBlockReason}'.");
        return settingsData;
    }

    private async Task<CurrentSettingsReadResult> TryDeserializeCurrentSettings(string settingsPath, string sourceDescription)
    {
        try
        {
            var settingsData = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Data>(await File.ReadAllTextAsync(settingsPath), JSON_OPTIONS);
            if(settingsData is null)
            {
                this.logger.LogError($"Failed to parse the {sourceDescription} '{settingsPath}'.");
                return new(null, SettingsWriteBlockReason.CURRENT_VERSION_INVALID);
            }

            if(settingsData.Version != CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
            {
                this.logger.LogError($"The {sourceDescription} '{settingsPath}' uses version '{settingsData.Version}' instead of '{CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION}'.");
                return new(null, SettingsWriteBlockReason.CURRENT_VERSION_INVALID);
            }

            return new(settingsData, SettingsWriteBlockReason.NONE);
        }
        catch(Exception e)
        {
            this.logger.LogError(e, $"Failed to parse the {sourceDescription} '{settingsPath}'.");
            return new(null, SettingsWriteBlockReason.FILE_UNREADABLE);
        }
    }

    private void BlockSettingsWrites(SettingsWriteBlockReason reason, string message)
    {
        this.SettingsWriteBlockReason = reason;
        this.logger.LogError($"{message} Reason: '{reason}'.");
    }

    private void PrepareLoadedSettings(Data settingsData)
    {
        //
        // We filter the enabled preview features based on the preview visibility.
        // This is necessary when the app starts up: some preview features may have
        // been disabled or released from the last time the app was started.
        //
        settingsData.App.EnabledPreviewFeatures = settingsData.App.PreviewVisibility.FilterPreviewFeatures(settingsData.App.EnabledPreviewFeatures);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Stores the settings to the file system.
    /// </summary>
    public async Task StoreSettings()
    {
        if(!this.IsSetUp)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning("Cannot store settings, because the configuration is not set up yet.");
            return;
        }

        if(this.SettingsWriteBlocked)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning($"Cannot store settings, because settings writes are blocked. Reason: '{this.SettingsWriteBlockReason}'.");
            return;
        }

        var settingsPath = Path.Combine(ConfigDirectory!, SETTINGS_FILENAME);
        await this.StoreSettingsSnapshot(this.ConfigurationData, settingsPath);
        await this.StoreCurrentVersionBackup(this.ConfigurationData);
    }

    private static string GetBackupSettingsFilename(Version version) => $"settings.{version.ToString().ToLowerInvariant()}.json";

    private static string GetBackupSettingsPath(Version version) => Path.Combine(ConfigDirectory!, GetBackupSettingsFilename(version));

    private async Task StoreCurrentVersionBackup(Data settingsData)
    {
        if(settingsData.Version != CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION)
        {
            this.logger.LogWarning($"Skipping settings backup because the settings version '{settingsData.Version}' is not the current version '{CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION}'.");
            return;
        }

        var backupSettingsPath = GetBackupSettingsPath(CURRENT_SETTINGS_VERSION);
        await this.StoreSettingsSnapshot(settingsData, backupSettingsPath);
        this.logger.LogInformation($"Stored the settings backup file '{backupSettingsPath}'.");
    }

    private async Task StoreSettingsSnapshot(Data settingsData, string settingsPath)
    {
        if(!Directory.Exists(ConfigDirectory))
        {
            this.logger.LogInformation("Creating the configuration directory.");
            Directory.CreateDirectory(ConfigDirectory!);
        }

        var settingsJson = JsonSerializer.Serialize(settingsData, JSON_OPTIONS);

        //
        // We write the new settings next to the previous ones and replace them afterwards, so that
        // no crash can leave a half-written settings file behind. The temporary file has to live in
        // the configuration directory for that: replacing a file is a rename, and a rename across a
        // file system boundary falls back to copying, which is exactly what we want to avoid. The
        // temporary directory of the operating system is such another file system under Flatpak.
        //
        var tempFile = $"{settingsPath}.tmp-{Guid.NewGuid():N}";
        try
        {
            await File.WriteAllTextAsync(tempFile, settingsJson);
            File.Move(tempFile, settingsPath, true);
        }
        catch
        {
            try
            {
                if (File.Exists(tempFile))
                    File.Delete(tempFile);
            }
            catch (Exception cleanupException)
            {
                this.logger.LogWarning(cleanupException, $"Failed to delete the temporary settings file '{tempFile}'.");
            }

            throw;
        }

        this.logger.LogInformation($"Stored the settings to '{settingsPath}'.");
    }
    
    public void InjectSpellchecking(Dictionary<string, object?> attributes) => attributes["spellcheck"] = this.ConfigurationData.App.EnableSpellchecking ? "true" : "false";

    public ConfidenceLevel GetMinimumConfidenceLevel(Tools.Components component)
    {
        var minimumLevel = ConfidenceLevel.NONE;
        var enforceGlobalMinimumConfidence = this.ConfigurationData.Confidence is { EnforceGlobalMinimumConfidence: true, GlobalMinimumConfidence: not ConfidenceLevel.NONE and not ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN };
        if (enforceGlobalMinimumConfidence)
            minimumLevel = this.ConfigurationData.Confidence.GlobalMinimumConfidence;
        
        var componentMinimumLevel = component.MinimumConfidence(this);
        if (componentMinimumLevel > minimumLevel)
            minimumLevel = componentMinimumLevel;
        
        return minimumLevel;
    }
    
    /// <summary>
    /// Checks if the given plugin is enabled.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// Which plugins are enabled is the user's decision, with two exceptions. Configuration plugins
    /// have no switch at all: they carry what an organization configured, so turning them off would
    /// mean opting out of that configuration. And an organization may require one of the assistant
    /// plugins it approved to stay enabled, which is decided live from its approvals rather than from
    /// the user's list.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="plugin">The plugin to check.</param>
    /// <returns>True, when the plugin is enabled, false otherwise.</returns>
    public bool IsPluginEnabled(IPluginMetadata plugin) => plugin.Type is PluginType.CONFIGURATION || this.ConfigurationData.EnabledPlugins.Contains(plugin.Id) || PluginFactory.IsAssistantActivationEnforced(plugin.Id);
    
    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the active language plugin.
    /// </summary>
    /// <returns>The active language plugin.</returns>
    public async Task<ILanguagePlugin> GetActiveLanguagePlugin()
    {
        switch (this.ConfigurationData.App.LanguageBehavior)
        {
            case LangBehavior.AUTO:
                var languageCode = await this.rustService.ReadUserLanguage();
                var languagePlugins = PluginFactory.RunningPlugins.OfType<ILanguagePlugin>().ToList();

                if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(languageCode))
                {
                    var exactMatch = languagePlugins.FirstOrDefault(x => string.Equals(x.IETFTag, languageCode, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase));
                    if (exactMatch is not null)
                        return exactMatch;

                    var primaryLanguage = GetPrimaryLanguage(languageCode);
                    if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(primaryLanguage))
                    {
                        var primaryLanguageMatch = languagePlugins
                            .Where(x => string.Equals(GetPrimaryLanguage(x.IETFTag), primaryLanguage, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
                            .OrderBy(x => x.IETFTag, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
                            .FirstOrDefault();
                        
                        if (primaryLanguageMatch is not null)
                        {
                            this.logger.LogWarning($"No exact language plugin found for '{languageCode}'. Use language fallback '{primaryLanguageMatch.IETFTag}'.");
                            return primaryLanguageMatch;
                        }
                    }
                }

                this.logger.LogWarning($"The language plugin for the language '{languageCode}' (normalized='{languageCode}') is not available.");
                return PluginFactory.BaseLanguage;
            
            case LangBehavior.MANUAL:
                var pluginId = this.ConfigurationData.App.LanguagePluginId;
                var plugin = PluginFactory.RunningPlugins.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == pluginId);
                if (plugin is null)
                {
                    this.logger.LogWarning($"The chosen language plugin (id='{pluginId}') is not available.");
                    return PluginFactory.BaseLanguage;
                }

                if (plugin is ILanguagePlugin chosenLangPlugin)
                    return chosenLangPlugin;

                this.logger.LogError("The chosen language plugin is not a language plugin.");
                return PluginFactory.BaseLanguage;
        }
        
        this.logger.LogError("The language behavior is unknown.");
        return PluginFactory.BaseLanguage;
    }

    private static string GetPrimaryLanguage(string localeTag)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(localeTag))
            return string.Empty;

        var separatorIndex = localeTag.IndexOf('-');
        if (separatorIndex < 0)
            return localeTag;

        return localeTag[..separatorIndex];
    }
    
    public Provider GetPreselectedProvider(Tools.Components component, string? currentProviderId = null, bool usePreselectionBeforeCurrentProvider = false)
    {
        var minimumLevel = this.GetMinimumConfidenceLevel(component);
        
        // When there is only one provider, and it has a confidence level that is high enough, we return it:
        if (this.ConfigurationData.Providers.Count == 1 && this.ConfigurationData.Providers[0].UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= minimumLevel)
            return this.ConfigurationData.Providers[0];

        // Is there a current provider with a sufficiently high confidence level?
        var currentProvider = Provider.NONE;
        if (currentProviderId is not null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(currentProviderId))
        {
            var currentProviderProbe = this.ConfigurationData.Providers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == currentProviderId);
            if (currentProviderProbe is not null && currentProviderProbe.UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= minimumLevel)
                currentProvider = currentProviderProbe;
        }
        
        // Is there a component-preselected provider with a sufficiently high confidence level?
        var preselectedProvider = Provider.NONE;
        var preselectedProviderProbe = component.PreselectedProvider(this);
        if(preselectedProviderProbe != Provider.NONE && preselectedProviderProbe.UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= minimumLevel)
            preselectedProvider = preselectedProviderProbe;

        //
        // Case: The preselected provider should be used before the current provider,
        //       and the preselected provider is available and has a confidence level
        //       that is high enough.
        //
        if(usePreselectionBeforeCurrentProvider && preselectedProvider != Provider.NONE)
            return preselectedProvider;
        
        //
        // Case: The current provider is available and has a confidence level that is
        //       high enough.
        //
        if(currentProvider != Provider.NONE)
            return currentProvider;
        
        //
        // Case: The current provider should be used before the preselected provider,
        //       but the current provider is not available or does not have a confidence
        //       level that is high enough. The preselected provider is available and
        //       has a confidence level that is high enough.
        //
        if(preselectedProvider != Provider.NONE)
            return preselectedProvider;

        // When there is an app-wide preselected provider, and it has a confidence level that is high enough, we return it:
        return this.ConfigurationData.Providers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == this.ConfigurationData.App.PreselectedProvider && x.UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= minimumLevel) ?? Provider.NONE;
    }

    public Provider GetChatProviderForLoadedChat(string? chatProviderId = null)
    {
        var minimumLevel = this.GetMinimumConfidenceLevel(Tools.Components.CHAT);

        var chatProvider = FindProviderById(chatProviderId);
        if (chatProvider is not null)
            return chatProvider;

        var defaultChatProvider = this.ConfigurationData.Chat.PreselectOptions
            ? FindProviderById(this.ConfigurationData.Chat.PreselectedProvider)
            : null;
        
        if (defaultChatProvider is not null)
            return defaultChatProvider;

        var defaultAppProvider = FindProviderById(this.ConfigurationData.App.PreselectedProvider);
        if (defaultAppProvider is not null)
            return defaultAppProvider;

        var selectableProviders = this.ConfigurationData.Providers.Where(IsSelectableProvider).ToList();
        return selectableProviders.Count == 1 ? selectableProviders[0] : Provider.NONE;

        Provider? FindProviderById(string? providerId)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(providerId))
                return null;

            var provider = this.ConfigurationData.Providers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == providerId);
            return provider is not null && IsSelectableProvider(provider) ? provider : null;
        }

        bool IsSelectableProvider(Provider provider) =>
            provider != Provider.NONE
            && provider.UsedLLMProvider != LLMProviders.NONE
            && provider.UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= minimumLevel;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns all configured providers without applying any confidence filtering.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// <para>
    /// This method applies neither the global minimum confidence level (see
    /// <see cref="Data.Confidence"/> with <c>EnforceGlobalMinimumConfidence</c>) nor any
    /// component-specific minimum. Even when the user enforces a global minimum of, say,
    /// <see cref="ConfidenceLevel.HIGH"/>, this method still returns every configured provider.
    /// That is intentional: this method serves the provider management UI, duplicate-name checks,
    /// and the raw select data of provider dropdowns. The dropdowns are filtered afterward by
    /// ConfigurationProviderSelection, which calls IsProviderConfident.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// Whenever a provider is about to be used for an LLM request, do not use this method. Use
    /// GetConfidentProviders, GetPreselectedProvider, or GetChatProviderForLoadedChat instead,
    /// since they honor the confidence levels.
    /// </para>
    /// <para>
    /// The returned list is a sorted copy of the provider list, ordered by the used LLM provider and
    /// then by the instance name. This way, all providers of the same LLM provider stay together, and
    /// newly added providers appear at their alphabetical position instead of at the end. Callers must
    /// not mutate the returned list: adding, editing, or removing providers stays inside the settings UI.
    /// </para>
    /// </remarks>
    /// <returns>All configured providers, unfiltered.</returns>
    public IReadOnlyList<Provider> GetAllProviders() => this.ConfigurationData.Providers
        .OrderBy(x => x.UsedLLMProvider.ToName(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        .ThenBy(x => x.InstanceName, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        .ThenBy(x => x.Num)
        .ToList();

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the provider with the given id, without applying any confidence filtering.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// This method resolves a stored provider reference by its id. It applies neither the global
    /// minimum confidence level nor any component-specific minimum, so it returns the requested
    /// provider even when the user enforces a higher global minimum. Callers that intend to use the
    /// returned provider for an LLM request must check it themselves through
    /// IsProviderConfident or fall back to GetPreselectedProvider.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="providerId">The id of the provider to look up.</param>
    /// <returns>The provider, or <see cref="Provider.NONE"/> when no provider with that id exists.</returns>
    public Provider GetProviderById(string? providerId)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(providerId))
            return Provider.NONE;

        if (string.Equals(providerId, Provider.NONE.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            return Provider.NONE;

        return this.ConfigurationData.Providers.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id.Equals(providerId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?? Provider.NONE;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Determines the minimum confidence level a provider must have for the given component.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="component">The component for which the providers get filtered.</param>
    /// <param name="explicitMinimum">An explicit minimum level, which is applied when it is higher than the component's minimum.</param>
    /// <returns>The effective minimum confidence level.</returns>
    public ConfidenceLevel GetEffectiveMinimumConfidenceLevel(Tools.Components component, ConfidenceLevel explicitMinimum = ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN)
    {
        var minimumLevel = this.GetMinimumConfidenceLevel(component);
        if (explicitMinimum is not ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN && explicitMinimum > minimumLevel)
            return explicitMinimum;

        return minimumLevel;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Checks whether the given provider satisfies the minimum confidence level of the given component.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="provider">The provider to check.</param>
    /// <param name="component">The component for which the provider gets checked.</param>
    /// <param name="explicitMinimum">An explicit minimum level, which is applied when it is higher than the component's minimum.</param>
    /// <returns>True, when the provider may be used by the component, false otherwise.</returns>
    public bool IsProviderConfident(Provider provider, Tools.Components component, ConfidenceLevel explicitMinimum = ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN)
    {
        if (provider.UsedLLMProvider is LLMProviders.NONE)
            return false;

        return provider.UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= this.GetEffectiveMinimumConfidenceLevel(component, explicitMinimum);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns all providers that satisfy the minimum confidence level of the given component.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="component">The component for which the providers get filtered.</param>
    /// <param name="explicitMinimum">An explicit minimum level, which is applied when it is higher than the component's minimum.</param>
    /// <returns>All providers the component may use, in the same order as GetAllProviders.</returns>
    public IEnumerable<Provider> GetConfidentProviders(Tools.Components component, ConfidenceLevel explicitMinimum = ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN)
    {
        var minimumLevel = this.GetEffectiveMinimumConfidenceLevel(component, explicitMinimum);
        foreach (var provider in this.GetAllProviders())
            if (provider.UsedLLMProvider is not LLMProviders.NONE && provider.UsedLLMProvider.GetConfidence(this).Level >= minimumLevel)
                yield return provider;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns all configured embedding providers.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// The returned list is a sorted copy of the embedding provider list, ordered by the used LLM
    /// provider and then by the name. Callers must not mutate the returned list: adding, editing, or
    /// removing embedding providers stays inside the settings UI.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <returns>All configured embedding providers.</returns>
    public IReadOnlyList<EmbeddingProvider> GetAllEmbeddingProviders() => this.ConfigurationData.EmbeddingProviders
        .OrderBy(x => x.UsedLLMProvider.ToName(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        .ThenBy(x => x.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        .ThenBy(x => x.Num)
        .ToList();

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the embedding provider with the given id, without applying any confidence filtering.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// This method resolves a stored embedding provider reference by its id. It applies neither the
    /// global minimum confidence level nor any component-specific minimum, so it returns the
    /// requested embedding provider even when the user enforces a higher global minimum. Callers
    /// that intend to send data to the returned embedding provider must check it themselves, for
    /// example through IsTrustedForDataSourceSecurityChecks.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="embeddingProviderId">The id of the embedding provider to look up.</param>
    /// <returns>The embedding provider, or EmbeddingProvider.NONE when no embedding provider with that id exists.</returns>
    public EmbeddingProvider GetEmbeddingProviderById(string? embeddingProviderId)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(embeddingProviderId))
            return EmbeddingProvider.NONE;

        if (string.Equals(embeddingProviderId, EmbeddingProvider.NONE.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            return EmbeddingProvider.NONE;

        return this.ConfigurationData.EmbeddingProviders.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id.Equals(embeddingProviderId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?? EmbeddingProvider.NONE;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns all configured transcription providers.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// The returned list is a sorted copy of the transcription provider list, ordered by the used LLM
    /// provider and then by the name. Callers must not mutate the returned list: adding, editing, or
    /// removing transcription providers stays inside the settings UI.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <returns>All configured transcription providers.</returns>
    public IReadOnlyList<TranscriptionProvider> GetAllTranscriptionProviders() => this.ConfigurationData.TranscriptionProviders
        .OrderBy(x => x.UsedLLMProvider.ToName(), StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        .ThenBy(x => x.Name, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
        .ThenBy(x => x.Num)
        .ToList();

    /// <summary>
    /// Returns the transcription provider with the given id, without applying any confidence filtering.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// This method resolves a stored transcription provider reference by its id. It applies neither
    /// the global minimum confidence level nor any component-specific minimum, so it returns the
    /// requested transcription provider even when the user enforces a higher global minimum. Callers
    /// that intend to send audio to the returned transcription provider must check its confidence
    /// level themselves, the way GetFilteredTranscriptionProviders does for the app settings.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="transcriptionProviderId">The id of the transcription provider to look up.</param>
    /// <returns>The transcription provider, or TranscriptionProvider.NONE when no transcription provider with that id exists.</returns>
    public TranscriptionProvider GetTranscriptionProviderById(string? transcriptionProviderId)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(transcriptionProviderId))
            return TranscriptionProvider.NONE;

        if (string.Equals(transcriptionProviderId, TranscriptionProvider.NONE.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            return TranscriptionProvider.NONE;

        return this.ConfigurationData.TranscriptionProviders.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id.Equals(transcriptionProviderId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?? TranscriptionProvider.NONE;
    }

    public Profile GetPreselectedProfile(Tools.Components component)
    {
        var preselection = component.GetProfilePreselection(this);
        if (preselection.DoNotPreselectProfile)
            return Profile.NO_PROFILE;

        if (preselection.UseSpecificProfile)
            return this.GetProfileById(preselection.SpecificProfileId);

        var appPreselection = ProfilePreselection.FromStoredValue(this.ConfigurationData.App.PreselectedProfile);
        if (appPreselection.DoNotPreselectProfile || !appPreselection.UseSpecificProfile)
            return Profile.NO_PROFILE;

        return this.GetProfileById(appPreselection.SpecificProfileId);
    }

    public Profile GetAppPreselectedProfile()
    {
        var appPreselection = ProfilePreselection.FromStoredValue(this.ConfigurationData.App.PreselectedProfile);
        if (appPreselection.DoNotPreselectProfile || !appPreselection.UseSpecificProfile)
            return Profile.NO_PROFILE;

        return this.GetProfileById(appPreselection.SpecificProfileId);
    }
    
    public ChatTemplate GetPreselectedChatTemplate(Tools.Components component)
    {
        var preselection = component.PreselectedChatTemplate(this);
        if (preselection != ChatTemplate.NO_CHAT_TEMPLATE)
            return preselection;
        
        return this.GetChatTemplateById(this.ConfigurationData.App.PreselectedChatTemplate);
    }

    public Profile GetProfileById(string? profileId)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(profileId))
            return Profile.NO_PROFILE;

        if (string.Equals(profileId, Profile.NO_PROFILE.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            return Profile.NO_PROFILE;

        return this.ConfigurationData.Profiles.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id.Equals(profileId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?? Profile.NO_PROFILE;
    }

    public ChatTemplate GetChatTemplateById(string? chatTemplateId)
    {
        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(chatTemplateId))
            return ChatTemplate.NO_CHAT_TEMPLATE;

        if (string.Equals(chatTemplateId, ChatTemplate.NO_CHAT_TEMPLATE.Id, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
            return ChatTemplate.NO_CHAT_TEMPLATE;

        return this.ConfigurationData.ChatTemplates.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id.Equals(chatTemplateId, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) ?? ChatTemplate.NO_CHAT_TEMPLATE;
    }

    public HashSet<string> GetDefaultToolIds(AIStudio.Tools.Components component)
    {
        var key = component.ToString();
        if (this.ConfigurationData.Tools.DefaultToolIdsByComponent.TryGetValue(key, out var toolIds))
            return ToolSelectionRules.NormalizeSelection(toolIds);

        return [];
    }


    public bool AreToolsEnabled() => this.ConfigurationData.Tools.EnableTools;

    public bool IsToolActive(string toolId) =>
        this.AreToolsEnabled() &&
        !this.ConfigurationData.Tools.DisabledToolIds.Contains(toolId);

    /// <remarks>
    /// The document analysis is deliberately absent: there its policy names the tools, so the user
    /// has nothing to select.
    /// </remarks>
    public bool IsToolSelectionVisible(AIStudio.Tools.Components component) => component switch
    {
        AIStudio.Tools.Components.CHAT or
        AIStudio.Tools.Components.CODING_ASSISTANT or
        AIStudio.Tools.Components.SLIDE_BUILDER_ASSISTANT => true,
        _ => this.ConfigurationData.Tools.VisibleToolSelectionComponents.Contains(component.ToString()),
    };

    public void SetToolSelectionVisibility(AIStudio.Tools.Components component, bool isVisible)
    {
        if (component is
            AIStudio.Tools.Components.CHAT or
            AIStudio.Tools.Components.CODING_ASSISTANT or
            AIStudio.Tools.Components.SLIDE_BUILDER_ASSISTANT)
            return;

        var key = component.ToString();
        if (isVisible)
            this.ConfigurationData.Tools.VisibleToolSelectionComponents.Add(key);
        else
            this.ConfigurationData.Tools.VisibleToolSelectionComponents.Remove(key);
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Resolves which provider confidence a tool needs, and where that value came from.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// The default is passed in rather than looked up here. It belongs to the tool definition,
    /// and the definitions live in the tool registry — which already depends on this class, so
    /// asking it back would be a circle. Every caller has the definition at hand anyway.
    /// </remarks>
    /// <param name="toolId">The tool to resolve the confidence for.</param>
    /// <param name="defaultLevel">The tool's own minimum, used when nothing overrides it.</param>
    public ToolMinimumProviderConfidenceResolution GetMinimumProviderConfidenceResolutionForTool(string toolId, ConfidenceLevel defaultLevel)
    {
        if (ManagedConfiguration.TryGet(x => x.Tools, x => x.MinimumProviderConfidenceByToolId, out var configMeta) && configMeta.IsLocked)
        {
            var managedValues = configMeta.GetValue();
            if (managedValues.TryGetValue(toolId, out var configuredManagedLevel) &&
                Enum.TryParse<ConfidenceLevel>(configuredManagedLevel, true, out var managedConfidenceLevel) &&
                Enum.IsDefined(managedConfidenceLevel) &&
                managedConfidenceLevel is not ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN)
            {
                return new(managedConfidenceLevel, "managed config");
            }

            if (managedValues.ContainsKey(toolId))
            {
                this.logger.LogError(
                    "Managed minimum provider confidence '{ConfiguredLevel}' for tool '{ToolId}' is invalid. Requiring HIGH as a safe fallback.",
                    configuredManagedLevel,
                    toolId);
                return new(ConfidenceLevel.HIGH, "invalid managed config; safe fallback");
            }
        }

        if (this.ConfigurationData.Tools.MinimumProviderConfidenceByToolId.TryGetValue(toolId, out var configuredLevel) &&
            Enum.TryParse<ConfidenceLevel>(configuredLevel, true, out var confidenceLevel) &&
            Enum.IsDefined(confidenceLevel) &&
            confidenceLevel is not ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN)
        {
            return new(confidenceLevel, "stored override");
        }

        return new(defaultLevel, "default fallback");
    }

    public ConfidenceLevel GetMinimumProviderConfidenceForTool(string toolId, ConfidenceLevel defaultLevel) => this.GetMinimumProviderConfidenceResolutionForTool(toolId, defaultLevel).ConfidenceLevel;

    /// <summary>
    /// Stores which provider confidence a tool needs.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="toolId">The tool to store the confidence for.</param>
    /// <param name="confidenceLevel">The level the user chose.</param>
    /// <param name="defaultLevel">The tool's own minimum. Choosing it again removes the override.</param>
    public void SetMinimumProviderConfidenceForTool(string toolId, ConfidenceLevel confidenceLevel, ConfidenceLevel defaultLevel)
    {
        if (confidenceLevel == defaultLevel)
        {
            this.ConfigurationData.Tools.MinimumProviderConfidenceByToolId.Remove(toolId);
            return;
        }

        this.ConfigurationData.Tools.MinimumProviderConfidenceByToolId[toolId] = confidenceLevel.ToString();
    }

    public ConfidenceLevel GetConfiguredConfidenceLevel(LLMProviders llmProvider)
    {
        if(llmProvider is LLMProviders.NONE)
            return ConfidenceLevel.NONE;
        
        switch (this.ConfigurationData.Confidence.ConfidenceScheme)
        {
            case ConfidenceSchemes.TRUST_ALL:
                return llmProvider switch
                {
                    LLMProviders.SELF_HOSTED => ConfidenceLevel.HIGH,
                    
                    _ => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,   
                };
            
            case ConfidenceSchemes.TRUST_USA_EUROPE:
                return llmProvider switch
                {
                    LLMProviders.SELF_HOSTED => ConfidenceLevel.HIGH,
                    LLMProviders.DEEP_SEEK => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.ALIBABA_CLOUD => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    
                    _ => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                };
            
            case ConfidenceSchemes.TRUST_USA:
                return llmProvider switch
                {
                    LLMProviders.SELF_HOSTED => ConfidenceLevel.HIGH,
                    LLMProviders.MISTRAL => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.HELMHOLTZ => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.GWDG => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.HETZNER => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.IONOS => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.DEEP_SEEK => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    LLMProviders.ALIBABA_CLOUD => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                    
                    _ => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                };
            
            case ConfidenceSchemes.TRUST_EUROPE:
                return llmProvider switch
                {
                    LLMProviders.SELF_HOSTED => ConfidenceLevel.HIGH,
                    LLMProviders.MISTRAL => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    LLMProviders.HELMHOLTZ => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    LLMProviders.GWDG => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    LLMProviders.HETZNER => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    LLMProviders.IONOS => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    
                    _ => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                };
            
            case ConfidenceSchemes.TRUST_ASIA:
                return llmProvider switch
                {
                    LLMProviders.SELF_HOSTED => ConfidenceLevel.HIGH,
                    LLMProviders.DEEP_SEEK => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    LLMProviders.ALIBABA_CLOUD => ConfidenceLevel.MEDIUM,
                    
                    _ => ConfidenceLevel.LOW,
                };
            
            case ConfidenceSchemes.LOCAL_TRUST_ONLY:
                return llmProvider switch
                {
                    LLMProviders.SELF_HOSTED => ConfidenceLevel.HIGH,
                    
                    _ => ConfidenceLevel.VERY_LOW,   
                };

            case ConfidenceSchemes.CUSTOM:
                return this.ConfigurationData.Confidence.CustomConfidenceScheme.GetValueOrDefault(llmProvider, ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN);

            default:
                return ConfidenceLevel.UNKNOWN;
        }
    }

    public static string ToSettingName<TIn, TOut>(Expression<Func<TIn, TOut>> propertyExpression)
    {
        MemberExpression? memberExpr;

        // Handle the case where the expression is a unary expression (e.g., when using Convert):
        if (propertyExpression.Body is UnaryExpression { NodeType: ExpressionType.Convert } unaryExpr)
            memberExpr = unaryExpr.Operand as MemberExpression;
        else
            memberExpr = propertyExpression.Body as MemberExpression;

        if (memberExpr is null)
            throw new ArgumentException("Expression must be a property access", nameof(propertyExpression));

        // Return the full name of the property, including the class name:
        return $"{typeof(TIn).Name}.{memberExpr.Member.Name}";
    }
}