Switched voice recording to use PCM/WAV format

app/MindWork AI Studio/Components/VoiceRecorder.razor.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
+using System.Buffers.Binary;
+
 using AIStudio.Settings.DataModel;
 using AIStudio.Tools.Media;
-using AIStudio.Tools.MIME;
 using AIStudio.Tools.Rust;
 using AIStudio.Tools.Services;
 
@@ -10,6 +11,8 @@ namespace AIStudio.Components;
 
 public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
 {
+    private const int PCM_WAV_HEADER_SIZE = 44;
+
     [Inject]
     private ILogger<VoiceRecorder> Logger { get; init; } = null!;
 
@@ -96,7 +99,6 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
     private bool isTranscribing;
     private FileStream? currentRecordingStream;
     private string? currentRecordingPath;
-    private string? currentRecordingMimeType;
     private string? finalRecordingPath;
     private DotNetObjectReference<VoiceRecorder>? dotNetReference;
 
@@ -134,18 +136,7 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
                 return;
             }
 
-            var mimeTypes = GetPreferredMimeTypes(
+            this.Logger.LogInformation("Starting PCM/WAV audio recording.");
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.WEBM).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.OGG).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.MP4).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.AAC).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.MP3).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.AIFF).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.WAV).Build(),
-                Builder.Create().UseAudio().UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.FLAC).Build()
-            );
-
-            this.Logger.LogInformation("Starting audio recording with preferred MIME types: '{PreferredMimeTypes}'.", string.Join<MIMEType>(", ", mimeTypes));
 
             // Create a DotNetObjectReference to pass to JavaScript:
             this.dotNetReference = DotNetObjectReference.Create(this);
@@ -155,13 +146,8 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
 
             try
             {
-                string[] mimeTypeStrings = ["audio/webm;codecs=opus", .. mimeTypes.ToStringArray()];
+                await this.JsRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("audioRecorder.start", this.dotNetReference);
-                var actualMimeType = await this.JsRuntime.InvokeAsync<string>("audioRecorder.start", this.dotNetReference, mimeTypeStrings);
+                this.Logger.LogInformation("PCM/WAV audio recording started.");
-
-                // Store the MIME type for later use:
-                this.currentRecordingMimeType = actualMimeType;
-
-                this.Logger.LogInformation("Audio recording started with MIME type: '{ActualMimeType}'.", actualMimeType);
                 this.isPreparing = false;
                 this.isRecording = true;
             }
@@ -184,9 +170,7 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
             var recordingStoppedSuccessfully = false;
             try
             {
-                var result = await this.JsRuntime.InvokeAsync<AudioRecordingResult>("audioRecorder.stop");
+                await this.JsRuntime.InvokeVoidAsync("audioRecorder.stop");
-                if (result.ChangedMimeType)
-                    this.Logger.LogWarning("The recorded audio MIME type was changed to '{ResultMimeType}'.", result.MimeType);
                 recordingStoppedSuccessfully = true;
             }
             catch (Exception e)
@@ -218,24 +202,6 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
         }
     }
 
-    private static MIMEType[] GetPreferredMimeTypes(params MIMEType[] mimeTypes)
-    {
-        // Default list if no parameters provided:
-        if (mimeTypes.Length is 0)
-        {
-            var audioBuilder = Builder.Create().UseAudio();
-            return
-            [
-                audioBuilder.UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.WEBM).Build(),
-                audioBuilder.UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.OGG).Build(),
-                audioBuilder.UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.MP4).Build(),
-                audioBuilder.UseSubtype(AudioSubtype.MPEG).Build(),
-            ];
-        }
-
-        return mimeTypes;
-    }
-
     private async Task InitializeRecordingStream()
     {
         this.numReceivedChunks = 0;
@@ -244,7 +210,7 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
         if (!Directory.Exists(recordingDirectory))
             Directory.CreateDirectory(recordingDirectory);
 
-        var fileName = $"recording_{DateTime.UtcNow:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.audio";
+        var fileName = $"recording_{DateTime.UtcNow:yyyyMMdd_HHmmss}.wav";
         this.currentRecordingPath = Path.Combine(recordingDirectory, fileName);
         this.currentRecordingStream = new FileStream(this.currentRecordingPath, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write, FileShare.None, bufferSize: 8192, useAsync: true);
 
@@ -281,6 +247,7 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
         if (this.currentRecordingStream is not null)
         {
             await this.currentRecordingStream.FlushAsync();
+            var hasPcmAudioData = await this.FinalizePcmWavHeaderAsync(this.currentRecordingStream);
             await this.currentRecordingStream.DisposeAsync();
             this.currentRecordingStream = null;
 
@@ -288,44 +255,48 @@ public partial class VoiceRecorder : MSGComponentBase
             {
                 var fileSize = new FileInfo(this.currentRecordingPath).Length;
 
-                // Rename non-empty recordings with the correct extension based on MIME type:
+                if (hasPcmAudioData)
-                if (fileSize > 0 && this.currentRecordingMimeType is not null)
                 {
-                    var extension = GetFileExtension(this.currentRecordingMimeType);
+                    this.finalRecordingPath = this.currentRecordingPath;
-                    var newPath = Path.ChangeExtension(this.currentRecordingPath, extension);
+                    this.Logger.LogInformation("Finalized audio recording over {NumChunks} streamed audio chunks to the file '{RecordingPath}' with {FileSize} bytes.", this.numReceivedChunks, this.currentRecordingPath, fileSize);
-                    File.Move(this.currentRecordingPath, newPath, overwrite: true);
-                    this.finalRecordingPath = newPath;
-                    this.Logger.LogInformation("Finalized audio recording over {NumChunks} streamed audio chunks to the file '{RecordingPath}' with {FileSize} bytes.", this.numReceivedChunks, newPath, fileSize);
                 }
                 else
                 {
-                    this.Logger.LogWarning("Discarding an audio recording with {FileSize} bytes and MIME type '{MimeType}'.", fileSize, this.currentRecordingMimeType);
+                    this.Logger.LogWarning("Discarding a PCM/WAV audio recording without audio data ({FileSize} bytes).", fileSize);
                     File.Delete(this.currentRecordingPath);
                 }
             }
         }
 
         this.currentRecordingPath = null;
-        this.currentRecordingMimeType = null;
 
         // Dispose the .NET reference:
         this.dotNetReference?.Dispose();
         this.dotNetReference = null;
     }
 
-    private static string GetFileExtension(string mimeType)
+    private async Task<bool> FinalizePcmWavHeaderAsync(FileStream recordingStream)
     {
-        var baseMimeType = mimeType.Split(';')[0].Trim().ToLowerInvariant();
+        if (recordingStream.Length <= PCM_WAV_HEADER_SIZE)
-        return baseMimeType switch
+            return false;
-        {
+
-            "audio/webm" => ".webm",
+        var pcmDataSize = recordingStream.Length - PCM_WAV_HEADER_SIZE;
-            "audio/ogg" => ".ogg",
+        if (pcmDataSize > uint.MaxValue - 36)
-            "audio/mp4" => ".m4a",
+            throw new InvalidDataException("The streamed PCM recording exceeds the WAV size limit.");
-            "audio/mpeg" => ".mp3",
+
-            "audio/wav" => ".wav",
+        var valueBuffer = new byte[sizeof(uint)];
-            "audio/x-wav" => ".wav",
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(valueBuffer, checked((uint)(36 + pcmDataSize)));
-            _ => ".audio" // Fallback
+        recordingStream.Seek(4, SeekOrigin.Begin);
-        };
+        await recordingStream.WriteAsync(valueBuffer);
+
+        BinaryPrimitives.WriteUInt32LittleEndian(valueBuffer, checked((uint)pcmDataSize));
+        recordingStream.Seek(40, SeekOrigin.Begin);
+        await recordingStream.WriteAsync(valueBuffer);
+        recordingStream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.End);
+        await recordingStream.FlushAsync();
+
+        this.Logger.LogInformation("Finalized a streamed PCM/WAV header for {PcmDataSize} bytes of audio data.", pcmDataSize);
+        return true;
     }
 
     private async Task TranscribeRecordingAsync()

app/MindWork AI Studio/Provider/BaseProvider.cs

@@ -1070,6 +1070,10 @@ public abstract class BaseProvider : IProvider, ISecretId
                     break;
             }
 
+            this.logger.LogInformation("Uploading transcription media '{FileName}' with content type '{ContentType}' and {FileSize} bytes.",
+                Path.GetFileName(audioFilePath),
+                mimeType.TextRepresentation,
+                fileStream.Length);
             using var response = await this.HttpClient.SendAsync(request, token);
             var responseBody = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(token);
         

app/MindWork AI Studio/Tools/AudioRecordingResult.cs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-namespace AIStudio.Tools;
-
-public sealed class AudioRecordingResult
-{
-    public string MimeType { get; init; } = string.Empty;
-
-    public bool ChangedMimeType { get; init; }
-}

app/MindWork AI Studio/Tools/Rust/MediaJobResult.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ namespace AIStudio.Tools.Rust;
 
 /// <summary>Successful terminal result returned by Rust media normalization.</summary>
 /// <param name="OutputPath">Committed normalized output path.</param>
+/// <param name="OutputFormat">Stable normalized container used for provider uploads.</param>
+/// <param name="OutputCodec">Stable normalized audio codec used for provider uploads.</param>
 /// <param name="DetectedFormat">Detected container diagnostic.</param>
 /// <param name="DetectedCodec">Selected codec diagnostic.</param>
 /// <param name="DurationMs">Normalized duration in milliseconds.</param>
@@ -9,6 +11,8 @@ namespace AIStudio.Tools.Rust;
 /// <param name="HasAudibleSignal">Whether the normalized audio exceeds the practical-silence threshold.</param>
 public sealed record MediaJobResult(
     string OutputPath,
+    string OutputFormat,
+    string OutputCodec,
     string DetectedFormat,
     string DetectedCodec,
     ulong DurationMs,

app/MindWork AI Studio/Tools/Services/MediaTranscriptionService.cs

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@ namespace AIStudio.Tools.Services;
 /// </summary>
 public sealed class MediaTranscriptionService(RustService rustService, SettingsManager settingsManager, ILogger<MediaTranscriptionService> logger) : IDisposable
 {
+    private const string NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_EXTENSION = ".webm";
+    private const string NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_FORMAT = "webm";
+    private const string NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_CODEC = "opus";
+    private static readonly byte[] WEBM_EBML_SIGNATURE = [0x1A, 0x45, 0xDF, 0xA3];
+
     /// <summary>Serializes attachment and file-content imports.</summary>
     private readonly SemaphoreSlim importQueue = new(1, 1);
 
@@ -446,6 +451,13 @@ public sealed class MediaTranscriptionService(RustService rustService, SettingsM
                     ? MediaTranscriptionResult.Failed(TB("The media pipeline ended without an output file."))
                     : MediaTranscriptionResult.Failed(UserMessageFor(normalized.Error.Code), normalized.Error.Code);
 
+            var uploadContractError = await ValidateNormalizedProviderUploadAsync(normalized.Result, normalizedPath, operation.Cancellation.Token);
+            if (uploadContractError is not null)
+            {
+                logger.LogError("Refusing the transcription provider upload because the normalized media contract validation failed: {Diagnostic}", uploadContractError);
+                return MediaTranscriptionResult.Failed(TB("The media pipeline ended without an output file."));
+            }
+
             if (!normalized.Result.HasAudibleSignal)
             {
                 logger.LogInformation("Skipping transcription for '{MediaPath}' because its maximum audio peak does not exceed the practical-silence threshold.", mediaPath);
@@ -463,12 +475,21 @@ public sealed class MediaTranscriptionService(RustService rustService, SettingsM
             if (provider.Provider is LLMProviders.NONE)
                 return MediaTranscriptionResult.Failed(TB("The configured transcription provider could not be created."));
 
-            logger.LogInformation("Transcribing normalized media '{MediaPath}' with provider '{Provider}' and model '{Model}'.",
+            var sourceSize = File.Exists(mediaPath) ? new FileInfo(mediaPath).Length : 0;
+            var normalizedSize = new FileInfo(normalizedPath).Length;
+            var reductionPercent = sourceSize > 0
+                ? (1.0 - (double)normalizedSize / sourceSize) * 100.0
+                : 0.0;
+            logger.LogInformation("Transcribing normalized WebM/Opus media '{NormalizedPath}' ({NormalizedSize} bytes; source '{SourcePath}' {SourceSize} bytes; size reduction {ReductionPercent:F1}%) with provider '{Provider}' and model '{Model}'.",
+                normalizedPath,
+                normalizedSize,
                 mediaPath,
+                sourceSize,
+                reductionPercent,
                 providerSettings.UsedLLMProvider,
                 providerSettings.Model);
 
-            var providerResult = await provider.TranscribeAudioAsync(providerSettings.Model, normalized.Result.OutputPath, settingsManager, operation.Cancellation.Token);
+            var providerResult = await provider.TranscribeAudioAsync(providerSettings.Model, normalizedPath, settingsManager, operation.Cancellation.Token);
             operation.Cancellation.Token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
             if (!providerResult.Success)
             {
@@ -498,6 +519,72 @@ public sealed class MediaTranscriptionService(RustService rustService, SettingsM
         }
     }
 
+    /// <summary>Validates the fail-closed WebM/Opus contract before provider upload.</summary>
+    private static async Task<string?> ValidateNormalizedProviderUploadAsync(MediaJobResult result, string expectedOutputPath, CancellationToken token)
+    {
+        if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(result.OutputPath))
+            return "Rust returned an empty normalized output path.";
+
+        string actualFullPath;
+        string expectedFullPath;
+        try
+        {
+            actualFullPath = Path.GetFullPath(result.OutputPath);
+            expectedFullPath = Path.GetFullPath(expectedOutputPath);
+        }
+        catch (Exception exception)
+        {
+            return $"The normalized output path is invalid: {exception.Message}";
+        }
+
+        var pathComparison = OperatingSystem.IsWindows()
+            ? StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase
+            : StringComparison.Ordinal;
+            
+        if (!string.Equals(actualFullPath, expectedFullPath, pathComparison))
+            return $"Rust returned the unexpected output path '{result.OutputPath}' instead of '{expectedOutputPath}'.";
+
+        if (!string.Equals(Path.GetExtension(actualFullPath), NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_EXTENSION, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
+            return $"The normalized output path '{actualFullPath}' does not use the required '{NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_EXTENSION}' extension.";
+
+        if (!string.Equals(result.OutputFormat, NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_FORMAT, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            return $"Rust returned output format '{result.OutputFormat}' instead of '{NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_FORMAT}'.";
+
+        if (!string.Equals(result.OutputCodec, NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_CODEC, StringComparison.Ordinal))
+            return $"Rust returned output codec '{result.OutputCodec}' instead of '{NORMALIZED_OUTPUT_CODEC}'.";
+
+        if (!File.Exists(actualFullPath))
+            return $"The normalized output file '{actualFullPath}' does not exist.";
+
+        var header = new byte[WEBM_EBML_SIGNATURE.Length];
+        var bytesRead = 0;
+        try
+        {
+            await using var stream = File.OpenRead(actualFullPath);
+            while (bytesRead < header.Length)
+            {
+                var count = await stream.ReadAsync(header.AsMemory(bytesRead), token);
+                if (count is 0)
+                    break;
+
+                bytesRead += count;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (IOException exception)
+        {
+            return $"The normalized output file '{actualFullPath}' could not be read: {exception.Message}";
+        }
+        catch (UnauthorizedAccessException exception)
+        {
+            return $"The normalized output file '{actualFullPath}' could not be read: {exception.Message}";
+        }
+
+        if (bytesRead != header.Length || !header.AsSpan().SequenceEqual(WEBM_EBML_SIGNATURE))
+            return $"The normalized output file '{actualFullPath}' does not begin with the WebM/Matroska EBML signature.";
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
     /// <summary>Runs the Rust normalization job and drains cancellation to a terminal event.</summary>
     /// <param name="mediaPath">Source media path.</param>
     /// <param name="normalizedPath">Owned temporary output path.</param>

app/MindWork AI Studio/wwwroot/audio-recorder-worklet.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+class PCMRecorderProcessor extends AudioWorkletProcessor {
+    constructor(options) {
+        super();
+
+        const chunkDurationSeconds = options.processorOptions?.chunkDurationSeconds || 3;
+        this.chunkSamples = Math.max(128, Math.round(sampleRate * chunkDurationSeconds));
+        this.samples = new Int16Array(this.chunkSamples);
+        this.numSamples = 0;
+
+        this.port.onmessage = event => {
+            if (event.data?.type === 'flush') {
+                this.flush();
+                this.port.postMessage({ type: 'flushed' });
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    process(inputs) {
+        const channels = inputs[0];
+        if (!channels || channels.length === 0)
+            return true;
+
+        const numFrames = channels[0].length;
+        for (let frame = 0; frame < numFrames; frame++) {
+            let monoSample = 0;
+            for (const channel of channels) {
+                monoSample += channel[frame] || 0;
+            }
+
+            monoSample = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, monoSample / channels.length));
+            this.samples[this.numSamples++] = monoSample < 0
+                ? Math.round(monoSample * 0x8000)
+                : Math.round(monoSample * 0x7fff);
+
+            if (this.numSamples === this.chunkSamples)
+                this.flush();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    flush() {
+        if (this.numSamples === 0)
+            return;
+
+        const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(this.numSamples * 2);
+        const view = new DataView(buffer);
+        for (let index = 0; index < this.numSamples; index++) {
+            view.setInt16(index * 2, this.samples[index], true);
+        }
+
+        this.port.postMessage({
+            type: 'chunk',
+            buffer: buffer,
+            sampleCount: this.numSamples,
+        }, [buffer]);
+        this.numSamples = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+registerProcessor('pcm-recorder-processor', PCMRecorderProcessor);

app/MindWork AI Studio/wwwroot/audio.js

@@ -180,25 +180,208 @@ window.playSound = async function(soundPath) {
     }
 };
 
-let mediaRecorder;
-let actualRecordingMimeType;
-let changedMimeType = false;
 let pendingChunkUploads = 0;
 let chunkUploadPromise = Promise.resolve();
 let chunkUploadError = null;
 let recordingError = null;
+let captureAudioContext = null;
+let captureSourceNode = null;
+let captureWorkletNode = null;
+let captureSilentGainNode = null;
+let pcmFlushResolve = null;
+let pcmSamplesReceived = 0;
 
 // Store the media stream so we can close the microphone later:
 let activeMediaStream = null;
 
 // Delay in milliseconds to wait after getUserMedia() for Bluetooth profile switch (A2DP → HFP):
 const BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_SWITCH_DELAY_MS = 1_600;
+const PCM_SAMPLE_RATE = 48_000;
+const PCM_CHUNK_DURATION_SECONDS = 3;
+const PCM_FLUSH_TIMEOUT_MS = 5_000;
+
+function queueAudioChunkUpload(upload) {
+    pendingChunkUploads++;
+    chunkUploadPromise = chunkUploadPromise
+        .then(upload)
+        .catch(error => {
+            chunkUploadError ??= error;
+            console.error('Error sending audio chunk to .NET:', error);
+        })
+        .finally(() => pendingChunkUploads--);
+}
+
+async function waitForAudioChunkUploads() {
+    let observedUploadPromise;
+    do {
+        observedUploadPromise = chunkUploadPromise;
+        await observedUploadPromise;
+    } while (pendingChunkUploads > 0 || observedUploadPromise !== chunkUploadPromise);
+}
+
+function createPcmWavHeader(sampleRate) {
+    const buffer = new ArrayBuffer(44);
+    const view = new DataView(buffer);
+
+    const writeAscii = (offset, value) => {
+        for (let index = 0; index < value.length; index++) {
+            view.setUint8(offset + index, value.charCodeAt(index));
+        }
+    };
+
+    writeAscii(0, 'RIFF');
+    view.setUint32(4, 0, true); // Finalized by .NET after all PCM data was written.
+    writeAscii(8, 'WAVE');
+    writeAscii(12, 'fmt ');
+    view.setUint32(16, 16, true);
+    view.setUint16(20, 1, true); // PCM
+    view.setUint16(22, 1, true); // Mono
+    view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true);
+    view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * 2, true);
+    view.setUint16(32, 2, true);
+    view.setUint16(34, 16, true);
+    writeAscii(36, 'data');
+    view.setUint32(40, 0, true); // Finalized by .NET after all PCM data was written.
+
+    return new Uint8Array(buffer);
+}
+
+function observeAudioTrack(track) {
+    console.log('Audio recording - microphone track state:', {
+        label: track.label,
+        enabled: track.enabled,
+        muted: track.muted,
+        readyState: track.readyState,
+        settings: typeof track.getSettings === 'function' ? track.getSettings() : null,
+    });
+
+    track.addEventListener('mute', () => console.warn('Audio recording - microphone track was muted.'));
+    track.addEventListener('unmute', () => console.log('Audio recording - microphone track was unmuted.'));
+    track.addEventListener('ended', () => console.warn('Audio recording - microphone track ended.'));
+}
+
+async function startPcmRecording(stream, dotnetRef) {
+    const AudioContextClass = window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext;
+    if (!AudioContextClass || typeof AudioWorkletNode === 'undefined') {
+        throw new Error('PCM audio capture is unavailable because AudioWorklet is not supported.');
+    }
+
+    try {
+        captureAudioContext = new AudioContextClass({
+            latencyHint: 'interactive',
+            sampleRate: PCM_SAMPLE_RATE,
+        });
+
+        if (!captureAudioContext.audioWorklet) {
+            throw new Error('PCM audio capture is unavailable because AudioWorklet is not supported.');
+        }
+
+        await captureAudioContext.audioWorklet.addModule('/audio-recorder-worklet.js');
+
+        const actualSampleRate = captureAudioContext.sampleRate;
+        console.log(`Audio recording - starting PCM/WAV capture at ${actualSampleRate} Hz mono.`);
+
+        if (captureAudioContext.state === 'suspended') {
+            await captureAudioContext.resume();
+        }
+
+        captureSourceNode = captureAudioContext.createMediaStreamSource(stream);
+        captureWorkletNode = new AudioWorkletNode(captureAudioContext, 'pcm-recorder-processor', {
+            numberOfInputs: 1,
+            numberOfOutputs: 1,
+            outputChannelCount: [1],
+            processorOptions: {
+                chunkDurationSeconds: PCM_CHUNK_DURATION_SECONDS,
+            },
+        });
+
+        captureSilentGainNode = captureAudioContext.createGain();
+        captureSilentGainNode.gain.value = 0;
+
+        captureWorkletNode.port.onmessage = event => {
+            if (event.data?.type === 'chunk') {
+                const chunkBytes = new Uint8Array(event.data.buffer);
+                pcmSamplesReceived += event.data.sampleCount;
+                console.debug(`Audio recording - received ${event.data.sampleCount} PCM samples from AudioWorklet.`);
+                queueAudioChunkUpload(() => dotnetRef.invokeMethodAsync('OnAudioChunkReceived', chunkBytes));
+            } else if (event.data?.type === 'flushed') {
+                pcmFlushResolve?.();
+                pcmFlushResolve = null;
+            }
+        };
+
+        captureWorkletNode.onprocessorerror = event => {
+            recordingError ??= event.error || new Error('The PCM audio processor failed.');
+            console.error('Audio recording - AudioWorklet error:', recordingError);
+        };
+
+        captureSourceNode.connect(captureWorkletNode);
+        captureWorkletNode.connect(captureSilentGainNode);
+        captureSilentGainNode.connect(captureAudioContext.destination);
+        queueAudioChunkUpload(() => dotnetRef.invokeMethodAsync('OnAudioChunkReceived', createPcmWavHeader(actualSampleRate)));
+    } catch (error) {
+        await cleanupPcmCapture();
+        throw error;
+    }
+}
+
+async function flushPcmRecording() {
+    if (!captureWorkletNode) {
+        throw new Error('The PCM audio processor is unavailable.');
+    }
+
+    await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        const timeoutId = setTimeout(() => {
+            pcmFlushResolve = null;
+            reject(new Error('Timed out while flushing PCM audio data.'));
+        }, PCM_FLUSH_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+        pcmFlushResolve = () => {
+            clearTimeout(timeoutId);
+            resolve();
+        };
+        captureWorkletNode.port.postMessage({ type: 'flush' });
+    });
+}
+
+async function cleanupPcmCapture() {
+    captureSourceNode?.disconnect();
+    captureWorkletNode?.disconnect();
+    captureSilentGainNode?.disconnect();
+    captureSourceNode = null;
+    captureWorkletNode = null;
+    captureSilentGainNode = null;
+    pcmFlushResolve = null;
+
+    if (captureAudioContext && captureAudioContext.state !== 'closed') {
+        await captureAudioContext.close();
+    }
+    captureAudioContext = null;
+}
 
 window.audioRecorder = {
-    start: async function (dotnetRef, desiredMimeTypes = []) {
+    start: async function (dotnetRef) {
-        const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({ audio: true });
+        // Reset the upload and recorder state:
+        pendingChunkUploads = 0;
+        chunkUploadPromise = Promise.resolve();
+        chunkUploadError = null;
+        recordingError = null;
+        pcmSamplesReceived = 0;
+
+        const stream = await navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({
+            audio: {
+                sampleRate: { ideal: PCM_SAMPLE_RATE },
+                channelCount: { ideal: 1 },
+            },
+        });
         activeMediaStream = stream;
 
+        const audioTracks = stream.getAudioTracks();
+        if (audioTracks.length === 0) {
+            throw new Error('The microphone stream does not contain an audio track.');
+        }
+        observeAudioTrack(audioTracks[0]);
+
         // Wait for Bluetooth headsets to complete the profile switch from A2DP to HFP.
         // This prevents the first sound from being cut off during the switch:
         console.log('Audio recording - waiting for Bluetooth profile switch...');
@@ -207,144 +390,55 @@ window.audioRecorder = {
         // Play start recording sound effect:
         await window.playSound('/sounds/start_recording.ogg');
 
-        // When only one mime type is provided as a string, convert it to an array:
+        await startPcmRecording(stream, dotnetRef);
-        if (typeof desiredMimeTypes === 'string') {
-            desiredMimeTypes = [desiredMimeTypes];
-        }
-
-        // Log sent mime types for debugging:
-        console.log('Audio recording - requested mime types: ', desiredMimeTypes);
-
-        let mimeTypes = desiredMimeTypes.filter(type => typeof type === 'string' && type.trim() !== '');
-
-        // Next, we have to ensure that we have some default mime types to check as well.
-        // In case the provided list does not contain these, we append them:
-        // Use provided mime types or fallback to a default list:
-        const defaultMimeTypes = [
-            'audio/webm',
-            'audio/ogg',
-            'audio/mp4',
-            'audio/mpeg',
-            ''// Fallback to browser default
-        ];
-
-        defaultMimeTypes.forEach(type => {
-            if (!mimeTypes.includes(type)) {
-                mimeTypes.push(type);
-            }
-        });
-
-        console.log('Audio recording - final mime types to check (included defaults): ', mimeTypes);
-
-        // Find the first supported mime type:
-        actualRecordingMimeType = mimeTypes.find(type =>
-            type === '' || MediaRecorder.isTypeSupported(type)
-        ) || '';
-
-        console.log('Audio recording - the browser selected the following mime type for recording: ', actualRecordingMimeType);
-        const options = actualRecordingMimeType ? { mimeType: actualRecordingMimeType } : {};
-        mediaRecorder = new MediaRecorder(stream, options);
-
-        // In case the browser changed the mime type:
-        actualRecordingMimeType = mediaRecorder.mimeType;
-        console.log('Audio recording - actual mime type used by the browser: ', actualRecordingMimeType);
-
-        const actualBaseMimeType = actualRecordingMimeType.split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase();
-
-        // Check the list of desired mime types against the actual one:
-        if (!desiredMimeTypes.some(type => type.split(';')[0].trim().toLowerCase() === actualBaseMimeType)) {
-            changedMimeType = true;
-            console.warn(`Audio recording - requested mime types ('${desiredMimeTypes.join(', ')}') do not include the actual mime type used by the browser ('${actualRecordingMimeType}').`);
-        } else {
-            changedMimeType = false;
-        }
-
-        // Reset the upload and recorder state:
-        pendingChunkUploads = 0;
-        chunkUploadPromise = Promise.resolve();
-        chunkUploadError = null;
-        recordingError = null;
-
-        // Stream each chunk directly to .NET in recording order as it becomes available:
-        mediaRecorder.ondataavailable = (event) => {
-            if (event.data.size > 0) {
-                pendingChunkUploads++;
-                chunkUploadPromise = chunkUploadPromise
-                    .then(async () => {
-                        const arrayBuffer = await event.data.arrayBuffer();
-                        const uint8Array = new Uint8Array(arrayBuffer);
-                        await dotnetRef.invokeMethodAsync('OnAudioChunkReceived', uint8Array);
-                    })
-                    .catch(error => {
-                        chunkUploadError ??= error;
-                        console.error('Error sending audio chunk to .NET:', error);
-                    })
-                    .finally(() => pendingChunkUploads--);
-            }
-        };
-
-        mediaRecorder.onerror = event => {
-            recordingError ??= event.error || new Error('The media recorder failed.');
-            console.error('Audio recording - MediaRecorder error:', recordingError);
-        };
-
-        if (actualBaseMimeType === 'audio/mp4') {
-            // WebKitGTK does not reliably produce MP4 data when a timeslice is used. Let it
-            // finalize one complete M4A blob when stop() is called instead.
-            mediaRecorder.start();
-        } else {
-            mediaRecorder.start(3000); // read the recorded data in 3-second chunks
-        }
-
-        return actualRecordingMimeType;
     },
 
     stop: async function () {
-        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+        let stopError = null;
 
-            // Add an event listener to handle the stop event:
+        try {
-            mediaRecorder.onstop = async () => {
+            try {
+                await flushPcmRecording();
+            } finally {
+                await cleanupPcmCapture();
+            }
 
-                // Wait for all pending chunk uploads to complete before finalizing:
+            console.log(`Audio recording - PCM/WAV capture produced ${pcmSamplesReceived} samples.`);
-                console.log(`Audio recording - waiting for ${pendingChunkUploads} pending uploads.`);
+            if (pcmSamplesReceived === 0) {
-                await chunkUploadPromise;
+                throw new Error('The microphone did not produce any PCM audio samples.');
+            }
+        } catch (error) {
+            stopError = error;
+        }
 
-                console.log('Audio recording - all chunks uploaded, finalizing.');
+        console.log(`Audio recording - waiting for ${pendingChunkUploads} pending uploads.`);
+        await waitForAudioChunkUploads();
+        console.log('Audio recording - all chunks uploaded, finalizing.');
 
-                // Play stop recording sound effect:
+        // Play stop recording sound effect:
-                await window.playSound('/sounds/stop_recording.ogg');
+        await window.playSound('/sounds/stop_recording.ogg');
 
-                //
+        //
-                // IMPORTANT: Do NOT release the microphone here!
+        // IMPORTANT: Do NOT release the microphone here!
-                // Bluetooth headsets switch profiles (HFP → A2DP) when the microphone is released,
+        // Bluetooth headsets switch profiles (HFP → A2DP) when the microphone is released,
-                // which causes audio to be interrupted. We keep the microphone open so that the
+        // which causes audio to be interrupted. We keep the microphone open so that the
-                // stop_recording and transcription_done sounds can play without interruption.
+        // stop_recording and transcription_done sounds can play without interruption.
-                //
+        //
-                // Call window.audioRecorder.releaseMicrophone() after the last sound has played.
+        // Call window.audioRecorder.releaseMicrophone() after the last sound has played.
-                //
+        //
 
-                const error = recordingError || chunkUploadError;
+        const error = stopError || recordingError || chunkUploadError;
-                if (error) {
+        if (error) {
-                    reject(error);
+            throw error;
-                    return;
+        }
-                }
-
-                // No need to process data here anymore, just signal completion:
-                resolve({
-                    mimeType: actualRecordingMimeType,
-                    changedMimeType: changedMimeType,
-                });
-            };
-
-            // Finally, stop the recording (which will actually trigger the onstop event):
-            mediaRecorder.stop();
-        });
     },
 
     // Release the microphone after all sounds have been played.
     // This should be called after the transcription_done sound to allow
     // Bluetooth headsets to switch back to A2DP profile without interrupting audio:
-    releaseMicrophone: function () {
+    releaseMicrophone: async function () {
+        await cleanupPcmCapture();
+
         if (activeMediaStream) {
             console.log('Audio recording - releasing microphone (Bluetooth will switch back to A2DP)');
             activeMediaStream.getTracks().forEach(track => track.stop());

runtime/src/media.rs

@@ -47,6 +47,12 @@ const OPUS_FRAME_SAMPLES: usize = 960;
 /// Target bitrate for mono speech-oriented Opus output.
 const OPUS_BITRATE: u32 = 32_000;
 
+/// Stable normalized container name returned to upload clients.
+const OUTPUT_FORMAT: &str = "webm";
+
+/// Stable normalized codec name returned to upload clients.
+const OUTPUT_CODEC: &str = "opus";
+
 /// Maximum duration of a WebM cluster before rotating it.
 const CLUSTER_DURATION_MS: u64 = 30_000;
 
@@ -219,6 +225,12 @@ pub struct MediaJobResult {
     /// Path at which the normalized output was committed.
     pub output_path: String,
 
+    /// Stable container produced for provider uploads.
+    pub output_format: String,
+
+    /// Stable audio codec produced for provider uploads.
+    pub output_codec: String,
+
     /// Human-readable detected container description for diagnostics.
     pub detected_format: String,
 
@@ -634,6 +646,8 @@ fn normalize_media(input_path: &FilePath, output_path: &FilePath, max_pass_throu
         copy_with_cancellation(input_path, &partial_path, job)?;
         Ok(MediaJobResult {
             output_path: output_path.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+            output_format: OUTPUT_FORMAT.to_string(),
+            output_codec: OUTPUT_CODEC.to_string(),
             detected_format: detected_format.clone(),
             detected_codec,
             duration_ms,
@@ -1043,6 +1057,8 @@ fn transcode(
 
     Ok(MediaJobResult {
         output_path: context.output_path.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+        output_format: OUTPUT_FORMAT.to_string(),
+        output_codec: OUTPUT_CODEC.to_string(),
         detected_format: context.detected_format,
         detected_codec: context.detected_codec,
         duration_ms: output_duration_ms,
@@ -1790,6 +1806,8 @@ mod tests {
         let job = MediaJob::new();
         let result = normalize_media(&input, &output, DEFAULT_MAX_PASS_THROUGH_BYTES, &job).unwrap();
         assert!(!result.pass_through);
+        assert_eq!(result.output_format, OUTPUT_FORMAT);
+        assert_eq!(result.output_codec, OUTPUT_CODEC);
         assert!(!result.has_audible_signal);
         assert!(result.duration_ms.abs_diff(100) <= 20);
 
@@ -1834,6 +1852,8 @@ mod tests {
         let job = MediaJob::new();
         let result = normalize_media(&input, &output, DEFAULT_MAX_PASS_THROUGH_BYTES, &job).unwrap();
         assert!(result.pass_through);
+        assert_eq!(result.output_format, OUTPUT_FORMAT);
+        assert_eq!(result.output_codec, OUTPUT_CODEC);
         assert_eq!(fs::read(input).unwrap(), fs::read(output).unwrap());
         assert!(!result.has_audible_signal);
         let _ = fs::remove_dir_all(directory);